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The bathyscaphe Archimède is a deep diving research submersible of the French Navy. It used 42,000 US gallons (160,000 L) of hexane as the gasoline buoyancy of its float.cite-ref-1[1] It was designed by Pierre Willm and Georges Houot.cite-ref-2[2] In 1964, Archimède descended into "what was then thought to be the deepest part of the Puerto Rico Trench",cite-ref-3[3] which the NY Times reported as 27,500 feet (8,400 m).cite-ref-4[4]

Archimède was christened on 27 July 1961, at the French Navy base of Toulon. It was designed to go beyond 30,000 feet (9,100 m),cite-ref-5[5] and displaced 61 tons.cite-ref-6[6] In October 1961, Archimède passed its first dive tests, diving to 5,000 feet (1,500 m) unmanned.cite-ref-7[7] On 27 November 1961, Archimède achieved a speed of 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph), over a distance of 4.5 miles (7.2 km) at a depth of 7,870 feet (2,400 m) in the Mediterranean Sea.cite-ref-8[8]

On 23 May 1962, Archimède descended to 15,744 feet (4,799 m) off Honshu, Japan, in the Pacific, at the Japan Deep.cite-ref-9[9] On 15 July 1962, Archimède descended to 31,350 feet (9,560 m) into the Kurile-Kamchatcha Trench, making it the second deepest dive ever, at that point in time, second only to the Bathyscaphe Trieste dive on the Challenger Deep.cite-ref-10[10] On 12 August 1962, Archimède descended to 30,511 feet (9,300 m) in the Japan Deep south of Tokyo.cite-ref-11[11]

Archimède explored the Mid-Atlantic Ridge jointly with the submarine Cyana and submersible DSV Alvin, in Project FAMOUS (French-American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study) in 1974.cite-ref-12[12]cite-ref-13[13]cite-ref-14[14]cite-ref-15[15]

Archimède operated until the 1970s.cite-ref-16[16] It was placed on reserve in 1975, and decommissioned in 1978.cite-ref-17[17]

Since 2001, Archimède is on displaycite-ref-18[18] at the Cité de la Mer museum in Cherbourg.

Archimède was honoured with a stamp in Palau.cite-ref-19[19]

• References

• External links

cite-note-11. ↑ citerefcloud1964Cloud, Wallace (August 1964). "Jeeps in the Deep". Popular Science. Retrieved 11 September 2010.

cite-note-22. ↑ citerefaksyonovchernov1979Aksyonov, Andrei & Chernov, Aleksandr Alekseevich (1979). Exploring the Deep. Collins. p. 118.

cite-note-33. ↑ citerefstokstaddec-192018StokstadDec. 19, Erik (19 December 2018). "'Five Deeps' mission to explore mysterious ocean trenches". Science Magazine. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 9 June 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

cite-note-44. ↑ "DEEPEST ATLANTIC TEEMING WITH LIFE; Scientists in the Bathyscaph Surprised by Terracing in Puerto Rico Trench". The New York Times. 21 August 1964. Retrieved 9 June 2019.

cite-note-55. ↑ "French Bathyscaphe". Dayton Beach Morning Journal. Associated Press. 29 July 1961.

cite-note-66. ↑ "New French Bathyscaphe to Seek Record Ocean Deep". The New York Times. 29 July 1961.

cite-note-77. ↑ "French Bathyscaphe Tested". The New York Times. 30 October 1961.

cite-note-88. ↑ "Bathyscaphe Hits 3 Knots". Milwaukee Sentinel. Associated Press. 28 November 1961. p. 2.

cite-note-99. ↑ "French Bathyscaphe Dives To 15,744 Feet". Baltimore Sun. 24 May 1962. p. A2.

cite-note-1010. ↑ "Reports Intensive Life Down At 31,350 Level Of Ocean". Dayton Beach Morning Journal. Associated Press. 16 July 1962. p. 3.

cite-note-1111. ↑ "Bathyscaphe Archimede Descends 30511 Feet". The New York Times. Associated Press. 13 August 1962.

cite-note-1212. ↑ citerefpaine2000Paine, Lincoln P. (2000). Ships of Discovery and Exploration. Mariner Books. p. 7.

cite-note-1313. ↑ citerefsullivan1975Sullivan, Walter (21 May 1975). "3 Craft to Dive Deep in Mid-Atlantic Valley". The New York Times.

cite-note-1414. ↑ "A cry 'Eureka!' From the Mid-Atlantic Ridge". New Scientist. 7 June 1973. Retrieved 11 September 2010.

cite-note-1515. ↑ "F.A.M.O.U.S. (French American Mid Ocean Underwater Survey)". Encyclopaedia Universalis (in French). 2010.

cite-note-1616. ↑ citerefbensonrehbock2002Benson, Keith R. & Rehbock, Phillip F., eds. (2002) [1993]. Oceanographic History: The Pacific and Beyond. University of Washington Press. p. 388.

cite-note-1717. ↑ "Bathyscaphe Archimède". netmarine.net. Retrieved 11 September 2020.

cite-note-1818. ↑ "L'Archimède: Quelques dates". ifremer.fr. Retrieved 11 September 2020.

cite-note-1919. ↑ "Maritime Topics On Stamps : Research Submersibles". seemotive.de. Retrieved 11 September 2010.

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